@article {83208,
	title = {Earthquake and tsunami impact analysis for coastal Lincoln County, Oregon},
	volume = {no.O-21-02},
	year = {2021},
	note = {This FEMA-funded report describes the methods and results of a natural hazard risk assessment performed by the Department of Geology and Mineral Industries for Lincoln County communities.{\textquotedblright} The purpose of this project is to provide communities within the study area a detailed risk assessment of the natural hazards that affect them to enable them to compare hazards and act to reduce their risk. The risk assessment contained in this project quantifies the impacts of natural hazards to these communities and enhances the decision-making process in planning for disaster. We arrived at our findings and conclusions by completing three main tasks: compiling an asset database, identifying and using best available hazard data, and performing natural hazard risk assessment{\textquotedblright} (from the Executive Summary). Detailed reports on each community{\textquoteright}s response to a major earthquake and tsunami.},
	pages = {117p.},
	institution = {Oregon. Department of Geology and Mineral Industries},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, Depoe Bay (Or.), earthquakes, flooding, landslides, Lincoln City (Or.), Lincoln County (Or.), Newport (Or.), Otis (Or.), Rose Lodge (Or.), Siletz (Or.), South Beach (Or.), Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Waldport (Or.), Yachats (Or.)},
	url = {https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/p-O-21-02.htm },
	author = {Allan, Jonathan C. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Fletcher E.}
}
@article {83163,
	title = {Port of Toledo Strategic Business Plan Update:  11/23/2001 Final Strategic Business Plan Update},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Good statistics},
	pages = {55 p.},
	keywords = {Depot Slough, dredging, economics, industrial development, navigation, physical modification, Port of Toledo, ports, Tokyo Slough, Toledo (Or.), Toledo Industrial Park, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://www.portoftoledo.org/_files/ugd/bcfe89_3a93c1a11ede48cbaad53a7e0cf8cd7e.pdf},
	author = {BST Associates,, and Port of Toledo (Or.),}
}
@article {83207,
	title = {Natural hazard risk report for Lincoln County, Oregon, including the Cities of Lincoln City, Depoe Bay, Siletz, Newport, Toledo, Waldport, and Yachats, and the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, and the unincorporated communities of Otis-Rose Lodge...},
	volume = {no.O-20-11},
	year = {2020},
	note = {This FEMA-funded report describes the methods and results of a natural hazard risk assessment performed by the Department of Geology and Mineral Industries for Lincoln County communities.{\textquotedblright} The purpose of this project is to provide communities within the study area a detailed risk assessment of the natural hazards that affect them to enable them to compare hazards and act to reduce their risk. The risk assessment contained in this project quantifies the impacts of natural hazards to these communities and enhances the decision-making process in planning for disaster. We arrived at our findings and conclusions by completing three main tasks: compiling an asset database, identifying and using best available hazard data, and performing natural hazard risk assessment{\textquotedblright} (from the Executive Summary). Detailed reports on each community{\textquoteright}s response to a major earthquake and tsunami.  The full title of this report is:  Natural hazard risk report for Lincoln County, Oregon, including the Cities of Lincoln City, Depoe Bay, Siletz, Newport, Toledo, Waldport, and Yachats, and the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians, and the unincorporated communities of Otis-Rose Lodge, Salishan-Lincoln Beach, Otter Rock, Seal Rock-Bayshore, and Wakonda Beach.},
	pages = {99p.},
	institution = {Oregon. Department of Geology and Mineral Industries},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, Depoe Bay (Or.), earthquakes, erosion, landslides, Lincoln City (Or.), Lincoln County (Or.), looding, Newport (Or.), Otis (Or.), Rose Lodge (Or.), Siletz (Or.), South Beach (Or.), Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Waldport (Or.), Yachats (Or.)},
	url = {https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/O-20-11/O-20-11_report.pdf },
	author = {Williams, Matt C. and Appleby, Christina A. and Anthony, Lowell H. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Fletcher E.}
}
@article {80516,
	title = {Evaluating tidal wetland restoration performance using National Estuarine Research Reserve System reference sites and the Restoration Performance Index (RPI)},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Oregon{\textquoteright}s estuaries have lost a lot of wetlands.  Depending on the estuary, anywhere from 2\% to 94\% of native wetlands have been lost.  Today, wetlands are being restored.    But how do we know how successful wetland restoration projects may be?  This article describes an analytical tool, the Restoration Performance Index, which compares different parameters between restored wetlands and unmodified reference sites.  The authors compared 17 tidal wetland restoration projects in order to determine the level of restoration achieved, to compare excavation and hydrologic restoration projects, to identify key indicators for restoration effectiveness, and to evaluate the National Estuarine Research Reserve System as a source for reference sites. Full text of this article is available from the authors via ResearchGate.},
	pages = {p.36-51},
	keywords = {Chesapeake Bay, Coos Bay, environmental monitoring, hydrology, marsh restoration, Narragansett Bay, North Carolina, restoration ecology, South Slough, Toledo (Or.), Wells (Maine), wetland vegetation, Yaquina River Estuary},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-017-0220-7},
	author = {Raposa, Kenneth B. and Lerberg, Scott and Cornu, Craig and Fear, John and Garfield, Nina and Peter, Christopher and Weber, Robin L. J. and Moore, Gregg and Burdick, David and Dionne, Michelle}
}
@article {80276,
	title = {Effect of climate change on water temperature and attainment of water temperature criteria in the Yaquina Estuary, Oregon (USA)},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {169},
	year = {2016},
	note = {This paper examines the effects of climate change, which is predicted to cause warmer air temperatures and higher sea levels on the Yaquina Estuary.  {\textquotedblleft}Temperature is the most common cause of water quality impairments in Oregon coastal streams and estuaries (US EPA, 2006) and climate change is likely to increase the frequency and duration of these water quality impairments.{\textquotedblright} (p.137) Data for this study was gathered from 2000-2004 and supplemented by historical data from 1970-2010. The data was used to model changes in the estuary based on projected sea level rises of 0-90 cm and projected air temperature increases of 0-4{\textdegree} C to show potential changes from the present to the year 2100.  The upper estuary was shown to be the most vulnerable to climate change.  Rising sea level, a factor not considered in previous studies, may moderate the effect of climate change on the lower estuary.},
	pages = {p.136-146},
	keywords = {Blodgett (Or.), Chitwood (Or.), climate, Elk City (Or.), Elk Creek, Hatfield Marine Science Center, mathematical modeling, Newport (Or.), sea level, Toledo (Or.), water quality, water temperature, Yaquina Bay, Yaquina River},
	doi = {doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2015.11.006 },
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/3r074w80k},
	author = {Brown, Cheryl A. and Sharp, Darrin and Mochon Collura, T. Chris}
}
@article {76921,
	title = {Community clusters of tsunami vulnerability in the US Pacific Northwest},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {112},
	number = {17},
	year = {2015},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}We present an analytical framework for understanding community-level vulnerability to tsunamis that integrates population exposure, demographic sensitivity, and evacuation potential. We identify three types of communities along the US Pacific Northwest coast that are directly threatened by tsunamis associated with a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake: (i) demographically diverse with low numbers of exposed people, (ii) high numbers of exposed populations but sufficient time to evacuate, and (iii) moderate numbers of exposed populations but insufficient time to evacuate.{\textquotedblleft} (p.5354) The authors identified Seaside as the most vulnerable community on the Oregon Coast. This is an open-access article.},
	month = {2015, Apr.15},
	pages = {p.5354-55359},
	keywords = {Bay City (Or.), coastal hazards, Coos Bay (Or.), Depoe Bay (Or.), Dunes City (Or.), earthquakes, environmental policy and law, Florence (Or.), Gold Beach (Or.), Lincoln City (Or.), Lincoln County (Or.), Newport (Or.), North Bend (Or.), Port Orford (Or.), Reedsport (Or.), Seaside (Or.), Tillamook (Or.), Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Waldport (Or.), Yachats (Or.)},
	doi = {www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1420309112 },
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/content/112/17/5354},
	author = {Wood, Nathan J. and Jones, Jeanne and Spielman, Seth and Schmidtlein, Matthew C.}
}
@article {83205,
	title = {Ports of Newport and Toledo, Lincoln County, Oregon},
	volume = {no. 2015-OR-01},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Unless a boat is at sea, if there is a nearshore earthquake triggering a tsunami, there is no time for the owner to get the boat to safer waters.  If the earthquake is distant, however, there will be a minimum of about 4 hours to move the boat offshore.  This publication offers a thorough discussion of issues boat owners face, and what they should do.  Colored maps, colored pictures.},
	pages = {14 p.},
	institution = {Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, earthquakes, harbors, Maritime transportation, Newport (Or.), Port of Newport, Port of Toledo, ports, Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/mtrg/MTRG-2015-OR-01_Newport-Toledo.pdf },
	author = {Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, and Oregon Emergency Management,, and Virginia Institute of Marine Science, and National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (U.S.),}
}
@article {83162,
	title = {Port of Toledo Strategic Business \& Capital Investment Plan:  Final Report, March, 2013},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Colored maps, architectural drawings},
	pages = {49 p.},
	keywords = {Depot Slough, dredging, economics, industrial development, navigation, physical modification, Port of Toledo, ports, Tokyo Slough, Toledo (Or.), Yaquina River},
	url = {https://www.portoftoledo.org/_files/ugd/58cab9_166bc84dea7d408a88a760e42d8c04d0.pdf},
	author = {Port of Toledo (Or.),}
}
@article {36586,
	title = {Tsunami inundation maps for Toledo, Lincoln County, Oregon},
	volume = {No. TIM-Linc-08.},
	year = {2013},
	note = { 2 maps : col. ; 84 x 133 cm., on sheet 86 x 135 cm.  Plate 1. Local source (Cascadia Subduction Zone) tsunami inundation map Toledo, Oregon -- Plate 2. Distance source (Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone) tsunami inundation map Toledo, Oregon.  May be viewed online at the NANOOS website (click on DOGAMI to access).},
	institution = {Oregon. Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Boone Slough, coastal hazards, Craigie Point, Depot Slough, earthquakes, maps, Nute Slough, Olalla Slough, Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://pubs.oregon.gov/dogami/tim/p-TIM-Linc-08.htm},
	author = {Oregon. Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries, and National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (U.S.),}
}
@article {49766,
	title = {Steamboats of Yaquina Bay and Yaquina River [web page]},
	volume = {2013},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A rewarding account of the history of steamships and ferries in Yaquina Bay.  Lots of data and links to historic photographs.  See also the related Steamboats of the Oregon Coast ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Oregon_Coast )},
	keywords = {historical, Newport (Or.), Olssonville, Oneatta Point, Oysterville, Toledo (Or.), transportation, Winant, Yaquina Bay, Yaquina City, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats_of_Yaquina_Bay_and_Yaquina_River},
	author = {Anonymous}
}
@article {36356,
	title = {Lincoln County:  Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan},
	year = {2009},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}Prepared for: Lincoln County, Depoe Bay, Lincoln City, Newport, Siletz, Toledo, Waldport and Yachats{\textquotedblright} Maps, charts, tables, appendices.  {\textquotedblleft}This natural hazard mitigation plan is intended to assist Lincoln County, Lincoln City, Depoe Bay,  Newport, Toledo, Waldport and Yachats to reduce the risk from natural hazards by identifying resources, information, and strategies for risk reduction. It will also help guide and coordinate mitigation activities throughout the County.{\textquotedblright} (p.4)},
	pages = {501 p.},
	keywords = {climate, coastal hazards, Depoe Bay (Or.), earthquakes, environmental policy and law, erosion, flooding, forest fires, landslides, Lincoln City (Or.), Lincoln County (Or.), Newport (Or.), planning, precipitation, Siletz (Or.), Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Waldport (Or.), weather, wind, Yachats (Or.)},
	url = {https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/9439},
	author = {Lincoln County (Or.). Dept. of Planning and Development, and University of Oregon. Community Service Center, and Oregon Partnership for Disaster Resilience,}
}
@inbook {34171,
	title = {Toledo},
	booktitle = {Community profiles for West Coast and North Pacific fisheries : Washington, Oregon, California, and other U.S. states},
	volume = {no.85},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Demographics, economic and governmental infrastructure and involvement in West Coast fishing. Full list of authors appears on the title page.},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {351-354},
	publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service},
	organization = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service},
	address = {[Seattle, Wash.]},
	keywords = {commercial fisheries, demographics, economics, harbors, industrial development, ports, recreational fisheries, Toledo (Or.)},
	url = {https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/3537},
	author = {Norman, Karma C. and U.S.  National Marine Fisheries Service, and U.S. Northwest Fisheries Science Center,}
}
@mastersthesis {33781,
	title = {Vulnerability of Port and Harbor Communities to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards in the Pacific Northwest },
	year = {2002},
	note = {Major professor was Jim Good. Doctoral dissertation.},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {262 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Doctoral Dissertation},
	edition = {Ph. D.},
	chapter = {Dept. of Geosciences, Geography},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, earthquakes, human impacts, Newport (Or.), physical, Port of Newport, Port of Toledo, theses, Toledo (Or.), tsunamis, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/sj139493s},
	author = {Wood, Nathan J.}
}
@mastersthesis {36671,
	title = {Five Months as a Coastal Port Manager},
	year = {1980},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}A Marine Resource Management Internship Report.{\textquotedblright}  This report took the place of a Master{\textquoteright}s thesis. It describes an internship with the Port of Toledo to see if the Port needed a manager.  It gives an interesting and charming picture of a young person stretching to meet a variety of challenges.},
	pages = {47 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	edition = {M.S.},
	chapter = {College of Oceanography, Marine Resource Management Program},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Depot Slough, dredging, industrial development, Port of Toledo, recreational fisheries, salt marsh, shipping, Toledo (Or.), Upper Siletz River, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_projects/6682x8329},
	author = {Rohrberg, Vicki}
}
@article {83167,
	title = {Transcript of interview with Mrs. Violet Updike, July 16, 1975},
	year = {1975},
	note = {This oral history gives a delightful look into early days on Yaquina Bay, especially of the oyster industry, in which the speaker{\textquoteright}s father participated. Daily life and education are featured. Mrs. Updike was an early teacher in Lincoln County. The interview was originally tape-recorded as part of a journalism project at Oregon State University to commemorate the American bicentennial. While the tape has deteriorated, a transcript of the interview is available by contacting the University Library{\textquoteright}s Special Collections and Archives department:   http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/ .},
	pages = {19 p.},
	institution = {Oregon Pioneers Oral History Collection (OH 01), Oregon State University Archives},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Aquatic invertebrate, bivalves, commercial fisheries {\textendash} shellfish, Craigie Point, historical, mollusks, Olympia oyster=Ostrea lurida (Ostrea conchaphila), Oyster City, Oysterville, Toledo (Or.), Yaquina Bay},
	author = {Oregon State University Jouralism Department, and Carlson, Judith Carol and Gilfillan, Francois Archibald and Starker, Thurman James and Strand, August Leroy}
}
@article {52056,
	title = {A compilation of flood abatement projects in Oregon},
	volume = {no. 11},
	year = {1971},
	note = {This is a broad-brush look at flooding issues in Oregon.  The entire state is covered. A table lists flood damages from 1955-1969. Existing flood control projects for each region are listed. Maps show flood-prone areas. },
	pages = {122 p.},
	institution = {Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Blachly (Or.), climate, coastal hazards, Deadman Creek, Depot Slough, erosion, flooding, floods, Indian Creek, Lake Creek, Mapleton (Or.), North Fork Siuslaw River, Olalla Slough, Oregon, Otis (Or.), precipitation, Salmon River, Siletz (Or.), Siletz River, Siuslaw River, Toledo (Or.), Walton (Or.), Wildcat Creek, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/fj2366569},
	author = {Emmer, Rod E. and Muckleston, Keith W.}
}
@article {49736,
	title = {Yaquina Bay Regional Water and Sewerage Plan, 1970-2000, and Analytical Review of the Estuary},
	year = {1970},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}To plan adequately for future development of water and sewerage facilities in the Yaquina Bay region, it is first necessary to make an objective estimate of the region{\textquoteright}s land use and population.{\textquotedblright}  There is a chapter on the estuary and estuarine dynamics.  Many colored maps. },
	institution = {Clark \& Groff Engineers,},
	address = {Salem, Or.},
	keywords = {Agate Beach, Beaver Creek, demographics, Elkhorn Creek, estuarine dynamics, flooding, land ownership, land use, Newport (Or.), Otter Rock, population, Siletz (Or.), Siletz Bay, Siletz River, streamflow, tidelands, Toledo (Or.), waste disposal, water pollution, water quality, water rights, water use, Yaquina Bay, Yaquina River},
	author = {Clark \& Groff Engineers, and Yaquina Bay Regional Planning Commission, and Engineering-Science Inc., and University of Oregon. Bureau of Governmental Research and Service,}
}
@article {83155,
	title = {Geology of the Newport area, Oregon: Part II. geologic field trip guide, Newport area, Oregon},
	journal = {The Ore Bin},
	volume = {31},
	number = {3},
	year = {1969},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}The field trip consists of two geologic tours. On Tour 1, the Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed along the Yaquina River between Newport and Toledo, Oregon, will be examined. .. Tour 2 is primarily concerned with volcanic rocks of early Eocene, late Eocene, and middle Miocene age that form important stratigraphic units in the Oregon Coast Range.{\textquotedblright} (p.49) Tour 1 runs west-to-east from Newport to Toledo; Tour 2 runs south-to-north from Cape Foulweather to Siletz Bay, then east along the Siletz River, ending at a private quarry. Maps, colored geologic maps and black-and-white photographs are included.},
	month = {1969, Mar.},
	pages = {p.49-71},
	keywords = {aquatic invertebrates, Boiler Bay State Park, Cape Foulweather, Depoe Bay, Fogarty Creek State Park, foraminifera, geological, Government Point, Kernville (Or.), Newport (Or.), paleosciences, sediment data, Siletz Bay, Siletz River, Toledo (Or.), volcanism, Yaquina Bay, Yaquina River, Yaquina River Basin},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/administrative_report_or_publications/3t945w39p},
	author = {Snavely, Parke D. Jr. and Macleod, Norman S. and Rau, Weldon W.}
}
@article {82151,
	title = {Pacific Spruce Corporation and Subsidiaries: C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co.: an Illustrated Story Reprinted from the Lumber World Review},
	year = {1924},
	note = {This publication is a reprint of an article originally published in the February 10, 1924 issue of the Lumber World Review.  It was subsequently reprinted in 1981 by the Lincoln County Historical Society. It gives the history of the American military{\textquoteright}s need for spruce logs for wooden airplane construction in World War I, which led to industrial development in Lincoln County.





wwI},
	month = {1924, Feb. 10},
	pages = {93 p.},
	institution = {Lumber World Review, 1924},
	address = {Chicago, Il. },
	keywords = {general, historical, industrial development, Pacific Spruce Corporation, Toledo (Or.), Yaquina River, Yaquina River Basin},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/j67314933 },
	author = {Johnson, Bolling Arthur (ed.)}
}
